More than 14,000 Nepalis have died while working abroad in the past 15 years, according to the Ministry of Labor, Employment, and Social Security. The government revealed that a total of 14,213 deaths have been recorded since the establishment of the Foreign Employment Board Secretariat in Fiscal Year 2008/09. The ministry disclosed this data as part of the week-long celebration of International Migrants Day, observed globally on December 18.
In Nepal, the day is being commemorated from December 16 to December 22, with a main celebration committee led by Secretary Mukunda Prasad Niraula. The events aim to raise awareness about migrant workers’ challenges and contributions. During this period, the ministry revealed that 3,440 workers have returned with severe illnesses or disabilities since the board’s inception. Financial support for these individuals has been provided through the Foreign Employment Board.
The World Migration Report 2024 prepared by the International Organization for Migration highlights the global significance of migration. An estimated 281 million people are migrants worldwide, with 169 million classified as migrant workers. To address their challenges, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families in 1990, which came into force on July 1, 2003. International Migrants Day, celebrated on December 18, underscores the importance of recognizing migrants' contributions and advocating for their rights.
Foreign employment remains a cornerstone of Nepal’s economy. In Fiscal Year 2023/24, remittance inflows increased by 16.5%, reaching Rs 1,445.32 billion, as per Nepal Rastra Bank. These remittances, sent by 741,297 workers—including 80,172 women—played a crucial role in sustaining household incomes, improving the human capital index, and reducing economic risks for families living in poverty. A World Bank report from October 2024 stated that remittances contribute over a quarter of Nepal’s gross domestic product.
The government has prioritized policies to ensure safe and productive foreign employment. The policy and program for Fiscal Year 2024/25 include amendments to employment-related laws, free orientation training, revised labor agreements with additional destination countries, and initiatives to promote formal banking for remittance transfers. Programs like the Retiree Entrepreneurship Program also aim to maximize the benefits of foreign employment.
Local authorities play an essential role in preparing Nepalis for foreign employment. District administration offices, municipalities, and rural municipalities assist in preparing documents such as passports and providing necessary skills and training. Joint Secretary Basanta Bohara noted that revisions to immigration policies are underway to systematize foreign employment. Joint Secretary Mahesh Parajuli added that while 98.9% of remittances are sent through formal channels, there is a need to encourage their productive use for income generation.
